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Rob Wright , Senior News Director , Dark Reading June 3, 2026 4 Min Read Source: Poca Wander Stock via Getty Images GARTNER SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT SUMMIT – National Harbor, Md. – The good news for enterprises is that cyber insurance policies are still affordable. The bad news is that coverage exclusions are increasing, and some might catch customers by surprise. The growing list of exclusions is just one shift among several in the cyber insurance market, according to Paul Furtado, distinguished vice president analyst at Gartner. During a Tuesday session at the Gartner Security & Risk Management Summit, Furtado outlined several changes in the market that policyholders and prospective customers might not be aware of. Some of those trends are positive. For example, pricing has stabilized, and insurance carriers are providing discounts for "demonstrable levels of security in different organizations," Furtado said. "Prices are going down, and we see this across the market," he added, noting that carriers have "finally got their models right." Related: FBI-Flagged Phishing Kit Kali365 Expands Its Reach But other market shifts could leave organizations in a bind at the worst possible time. Cyber Insurance Coverage Exclusions Expand Arguably the most important shift in the cyber insurance market is the increasing number of coverage exclusions. "The list of exclusions continues to grow, more and more," Furtado said. Employee actions, outdated software , failure to maintain security controls, and mergers and acquisitions are just a few of the exclusions that lead to policies not being paid out, he said. For example, "employee actions" exclusions in some policies might include social engineering attacks. "If I social engineer someone in your finance department to send me a million dollars, and I did not hack into your system, I did not take control of the system, and did not impersonate somebody," Furtado said. "That's not a cybercrime — that's a failure of your internal controls." Social engineering exclusions could potentially impact many cyber insurance customers. Bryson Byrd, cybersecurity adviser ay Huntress, tells Dark Reading that ClickFix-style attacks , in which an attacker convinces a targeted individual to run malicious commands to address a fake error message, are rampant: they accounted for 52% of the cyberattacks the vendor saw in 2025 . Byrd says he views ClickFix as a social engineering attack much like phishing, because it convinces an individual to take malicious actions that they don't believe are harmful. Furtado said the increasing nuances of cyber insurance coverage and exclusions require organizations to carefully review their policies and have "very, very specific conversations" with carriers to make sure they aren't caught off guard when an incident occurs. Related: Securing AI Agents Before They Go Rogue Is Next to Impossible Exclusions for acts of war and mass cyber events have also shifted. Furtado said Lloyd's of London published definitions of its "cyber war" clauses that most carriers have adopted, and it could exclude certain types of nation-state attacks. Additionally, clauses for mass cyber events such as a widespread outage of a major cloud provider could also reduce policy payouts by as much as half. "You need to be very direct with your carrier, your broker or, ideally, if you have the opportunity, the underwriter [of the policy]," he said. "If I get hit by a nation-state attack, am I covered? If the answer is, "It depends," then let's go through it. It depends on what?" Cyber Insurance Sub-limits, 'Tail' Coverage & More Furtado also noted that while policy prices have dipped, the market has changed in some subtle ways that could present challenges to enterprises. "There used to be a time when if you needed $100 million in coverage, Lloyd's of London would cover you, no problem," he said. "Now if you need $100 million worth of coverage, then you're probably going to be sitting in front of a panel of insurance companies, and selling them on why they should take you in as a client, to distribute the risk. That's the reality of the environment we're in." Related: Beyond Assume-Breach: How AI-Native Security Will Reshape Enterprise Defense Other under-the-radar aspects include coverage sub-limits, which dictate how much of a policy payout can be used to hire a breach coach , for example, or spent on a digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) provider. Furtado urged organizations to once again ask specific questions and read the policy fine print to determine where spending is capped for specific services, and what those caps are. "If you have a $10 million policy, then it doesn't mean you can take $10 million and give it all to Mandiant," he said. Furtado also emphasized the importance of so-called "tail" coverage, because the timing of incidents and the coverage in a customer's policy can be tricky. For example, if an organization finds out it was breached last month, but it switched insurance providers on June 1, then the organization may no longer have coverage, because the new policy won't cover previous attacks that were just discovered, and the old policy ended on the May 31. Tail coverage, however, provides a longer tail: i.e., some overlap to protect customers. "Essentially, if you're changing providers, then you're going to want this," he said. Perhaps surprisingly, Furtado noted that AI hasn't had much of an impact on the cyber insurance market in terms of policies and coverage, though that may be coming soon, given that horror stories about rogue AI agents continue to emerge. "The market itself is watching it, and is paying close attention," he said. "[AI] hasn't had a substantial shift — yet." Read more about: CISO Corner About the Author Rob Wright Senior News Director, Dark Reading Rob Wright is a longtime reporter with more than 25 years of experience as a technology journalist. Prior to joining Dark Reading as senior news director, he spent more than a decade at TechTarget's SearchSecurity in various roles, including senior news director, executive editor and editorial director. Before that, he worked for several years at CRN, Tom's Hardware Guide, and VARBusiness Magazine covering a variety of technology beats and trends. Prior to becoming a technology journalist in 2000, he worked as a weekly and daily newspaper reporter in Virginia, where he won three Virginia Press Association awards in 1998 and 1999. At TechTarget and Dark Reading, he has won several Azbee awards, including the 2026 National Silver Award for a series on vibe coding. At Dark Reading, Rob currently covers security operations, cloud security, and Internet infrastructure. He has a keen interest in malvertising activity and the certificate authority industry, and has written extensively on both topics. He graduated from the University of Richmond in 1997 with a degree in journalism and English. A native of Massachusetts, he lives in the Boston area. See more from Rob Wright Want more Dark Reading stories in your Google search results? 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